Phytochemical Screening of Gayo Arabica Spent Coffee Grounds (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) from Gayo Arabica coffee contain bioactive compounds such as caffeine, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols with antioxidant and skin-protective benefits. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites present in Gayo Arabica coffee grounds. The methods used were alkaloid identification using Mayer, Wagner, and Dragendorff reagents, flavonoids using magnesium powder and HCl, tannins and polyphenols using FeCl3, triterpenoids/steroids using Liebermann–Burchard, and saponins using distilled water. The results obtained were red-yellow or orange coloration for flavonoids, precipitate or turbidity in the alkaloid test, and blackish-green coloration for tannins. No blue-green coloration or foam formation indicated negative results for triterpenoids/steroids and saponins. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening confirmed alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols

Keywords: Gayo Arabica; spent coffee grounds (SCG); phytochemical screening