Effect of Titanium Filler in Composite Conductivity with Different Binder

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of titanium (Ti) filler on the electrical conductivity of polypropylene (PP)-based composites. The research aims to determine the optimal Ti content to maximize conductivity while maintaining structural integrity. A series of samples were prepared with varying Ti concentrations (10–95 wt%), using controlled weighing, mixing, compression molding, and electrical conductivity testing methods. Results showed that conductivity increased significantly with higher Ti content, reaching a maximum value of 1.05 × 10 S/cm at 90 wt% Ti. This corresponds to the percolation threshold, where Ti particles form a continuous network enabling effective electron transfer. Beyond this threshold, conductivity declined sharply due to reduced binder content, leading to weak particle bonding and brittleness. These findings underscore the critical balance between filler concentration and binder properties for optimal performance. The study concludes that PP+Ti composites with 90 wt% Ti are promising for applications in electronics and energy systems, such as fuel cell bipolar plates, but highlight the need for further research on mechanical optimization. This work advances the understanding of conductive polymer composites and supports their potential in industrial and engineering applications.