Problem-Based Learning Model Integrated with Self Efficacy: A Literature Review on Improving Self-Efficacy in Critical Thinking

Abstract

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with self-efficacy is one of the effective learning models to improve critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills are an important competency that students must have to support the 21^st century learning process. This study aimed to examine the self-efficacy integrated PBL model in improving students' critical thinking skills. The method used was a literature study by analyzing various theories and relevant research results. Literature searches were carried out in the bibliographic database of Google Books, Google Scholars, national articles, and reputable international articles, such as (a) ScienceDirect, (b) Elsevier, (c) Taylor & Francis (d) Semantic Scholar, and reference books. The findings showed that integrated PBL self-efficacy can improve critical thinking skills, and problem-solving, foster confidence in one ability, increase learning motivation, and learning independence.